Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/log.php on line
62
Accueil > 10-Histoire > La résistance bretonne du XV° siècle à nos jours > La Bretagne au XIXe siècle : Jules Ferry et les lois laïques
La Bretagne au XIXe siècle : Jules Ferry et les lois laïques
mardi 9 mai 2006
C'est dans ce souci d'un nouvel avenir laïque pour la France que Jules Ferry reste au pouvoir de 1879 à 1885, tant comme ministre de l'instruction publique que comme président du Conseil.
Dès le début, il s'emploie activement à la disparition de « {l'obscurantisme »} véhiculé par le «{ parti-prêtre} ». En 1880, il décide d'interdire l'enseignement et la direction des écoles aux membres des congrégations masculines non autorisées.
_ Les Jésuites sont les principaux touchés ; ils sont même une nouvelle fois expulsés sans plus attendre, cette année-là.
Mais la destruction des instances religieuses du passé doit s'accompagner d'un plan de renouveau pour l'avenir. Pour cela, Ferry décide en 1879 de doter tous les départements d'une école normale d'instituteurs, puis, en 1881, de rendre l'instruction primaire gratuite dans les écoles publiques. (...) Plus tard, ce sont des personnalités d'origine nantaise, issues de {« Nantes la moderne} », qui se chargent de l'exécution religieuse au nom du progrès, tels {{Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau}}, président du Conseil de 1899 à 1902, {{Aristide Briand}}, ou encore des hommes qui y ont fait leurs études, comme le Vendéen {{Georges Clemenceau}}.
{{L'action de Waldeck-Rousseau et d'Emile Combes}}
Au début du XXe siècle, {{Waldeck-Rousseau}} est le premier à se distinguer dans la lutte contre le clergé. Bien décidé à combattre {« les moines ligueurs et les moines d'affaires »,} il fait voter en 1901 la loi sur les associations. Aux termes de celle-ci, aucun religieux ou religieuse ne peut enseigner s'il n'est membre d'une congrégation préalablement autorisée par l'État. {{Émile Combes}}, chef du gouvernement de 1902 à 1905, applique cette décision de façon malveillante, refusant autant qu'il le peut les demandes d'autorisation. Puis il passe à des mesures drastiques : il fait voter en 1904 un nouveau texte interdisant désormais l'éducation des enfants à toutes les congrégations, qu'elles soient approuvées ou non. Les communautés d'enseignantes et d'enseignants catholiques se dispersent. Leurs écoles désertées sont fermées.
Menacer la foi, la langue, cela suffirait à déclencher une vive résistance de la part de n'importe quel peuple. Mais à ces périls graves, de nature culturelle, s'ajoutent encore d'autres sujets de mécontentement d'ordre matériel qui ne font qu'exacerber rancoeurs et revendications.
{Extrait de Philippe Tourault : « La résistance bretonne du XV° siècle à nos jours » p. 252}
: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/public/parametrer.php on line
103
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/public/parametrer.php on line
108
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/public/parametrer.php on line
103
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/public/parametrer.php on line
108
Strict Standards: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
Strict Standards: date(): It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Europe/Berlin' for 'CEST/2.0/DST' instead in
/homepages/4/d272420840/htdocs/ecrire/inc/filtres.php on line
672
